1. Volume

This is #1 for a reason. It is the most widely used and powerful automation move at our disposal. It’s common practice for mixing engineers with analog desks to “ride the faders”, which means adjusting the levels of individual tracks as the song moves through sections. When working in a DAW, it’s important to use a gain/utility plugin to adjust the volume of your track, leaving the faders free for setting the initial level. Otherwise, the main volume control will bounce all over the place and make it nearly impossible to change the relative balance between instruments.

2. EQ

EQ - Since EQ is really just a volume control for specific frequencies, it should make sense on this list. Filtering with high-pass/low-pass EQ can do wonders to make space in a mix, especially for low/mid-range elements. Try filtering out the lows over the course of a build, and bringing them back in once the drop hits.

The reverse effect (filtering out the high frequencies) makes a sound feel farther away, which you can use to pull sounds back in the mix for transitions and builds. A filtering plugin like RC-20 Retro Color is great for coloration and analog vibe, and you can use the F6 EQ from Waves and the Wavefactory Trackspacer as dynamic EQs to pull down on clashing frequencies in response to other tracks. Short of those plugins, any standard DAW’s stock EQ will do the trick.

3. Saturation

Saturation is king. It’s the ultimate mixing tool for making a digital signal sound warm, rich, and full. Saturation does so much to improve a sound that you might be tempted to set it once and leave it. And sure, that won’t hurt. But think about all the possibilities for automating saturation: you can bring in subtle warmth through the course of a verse. Or hit that second drop at a higher drive setting. You could automate the Dry/Wet to change the mood during an outro, taking it from fully clean to mangled and distorted.

Automating the drive amount will change the character of the distortion, while the dry/wet (or mix amount) will affect how much saturation is present. Both have their benefits: but think about the growl you would get from twisting that drive knob while your synth grows in energy during a build. That type of attention to detail will give your music an expressive edge over someone who sets a plugin and forgets about it.

4. Delay

Delay is the Ferrari of effects. It’s a thrill to crank up and has a ton of horsepower to give your mix energy, but it’s easy to get trigger happy and irresponsible with it. Delay is NOT a “set-it-and-forget-it” effect. Shorter, slap-back style delays with low feedback can work as an always-on way to thicken your sound or add space, but anything with more than one repeat should be automated swell in between phrases, and then get out of the way once the lead comes back in.

Automating the feedback is a sure-fire way to draw attention to the delay, which can useful for dubbed out breakdowns. Vintage, tape-modeled delays have a characteristic pitch-shifting sound when the delay time is adjusted, and in combination with the feedback and mix levels, there are some spaced-out, psychedelic sounds at your fingertips through a little automation. The PrimalTap and EchoBoy from Soundtoys are automation goldmines. Here are the keys: remember, you drive the delay, it doesn’t drive you. Experiment and have fun.

5. Reverb

Reverb - Like delay, the most common mistake with reverb is simply cranking it too high until it washes out the mix. Resist the urge to dime the send level on every track. Automating the mix will put your sounds closer or further back in the space, and can be useful during transitions or as swells between phrases. Automating the decay times and pre-delays will change the character of your space. This is best in subtle doses, a hair below the noticeable threshold.

6. Stereo Width & Panning

The mono build trick is pure pre-drop magic. Automating the position of your sounds in the stereo field can get distracting if it’s too extreme, but it does wonders for adding a human feel in small doses. You can uses autopanners like the PanMan to accomplish this on individual tracks, and the iZotope imager for affecting the stereo width of your entire song by making adjustments on the master bus.

Automating the six effects listed above should be core tools in your production arsenal. When you’re baking a cake, you know it needs flour, butter, and sugar. The goal is to get to a point where adding these automation moves becomes second-nature, another part of the recipe for creating a lively song. But what about for software instruments, and the sounds you’re working with to start? Whatever DAW or synth you’re using, you have all the tools available to create expressive and dynamic sounds. It comes down to the heart of this post: you need to know what to modify, and then give it your best attention to detail. These are the most important areas to pay attention to when creating sounds.

1. Velocity

When working with MIDI, there are only three parameters to consider: timing, pitch, and velocity. Velocity determines how loud the note plays, and it has a HUGE effect on the character of the sound. The original name for the piano was the pianoforte because it could play both soft (piano) and loud (forte). In other words: it has velocity sensitivity, where it’s predecessor the harpsichord did not. In that sense, the piano is objectively a more expressive and dynamic instrument. If volume automation is the #1 effect to automate, velocity automation is the #1 MIDI parameter for the same reason. I can’t say this any other way: editing the velocity of your MIDI to get the feeling you’re after is an absolute must.

2. Common Synth Controls

Apart from the oscillator and choice of a waveform, nothing has a greater effect on the sound of your synth than the Filter Cutoff. Set it low for a warm pad. Open it up all the way for a bright, in-your-face sound. Opening and closing the filter on a synth will significantly change the timbre of the instrument. Try sweeping it open over the course of a build so that your chords hits with a satisfying, full-frequency sound during the drop.

The great news is that synthesizers have a built-in movement engine in the form of LFOs to create sweeping movements, rhythmic stutters, and triggered motion in just about any form you can imagine. An extremely subtle LFO assigned to the pitch of one oscillator will create pitch drift, where the notes go slightly in and out of tune. In small amounts, this creates a chorus-type warmth that’s associated with the nostalgic imperfections of vintage analog polysynths. There are also delays and effects available in most synths, and the same logic as above applies to those controls.

3. ADSR

ADSR - Understanding how Attack, Decay, Sustain and Release work is the key to making your synth sound the way you want. The most common ADSR envelopes are used for the main volume of the instrument, as well as the filter cutoff. Yeah, those old familiar two. To give your performances an expressive edge, you can automate the release times to extend the length of notes for legato phrases, and tighten it up for quicker passages. Automating the decay time to introduce variance will make the performance feel more human and lifelike.

4. Layering

When producers start layering, their songs come alive. In fact, we have an entire week dedicated to layering in the Masterclass. For those already layering sounds, or looking to get started, there are some ways to apply these automation and movement philosophies to your stacked tracks.

First, not all layers need to hit at once. In fact, it’s more effective to add layers to the more important parts of your track to increase the power of those sections when they hit. It’s also possible to have a big, full sound that feels static. Stacked sounds need movement too, so try filter automation on individual layers to carve away conflicting frequencies while creating motion and space in the mix.

Creating movement in music begins in the composition stage. However, it normally ends with a dedicated block of time devoted to bringing your mix to life. After you’ve finalized the arrangement and basic levels of your track, set a timer for 45 minutes and start getting hands-on with automation. Here are the top five ways to improve your automation session.

1. Keep Automation Clean

Don’t try to get too crazy with filter movement or effects. Subtle changes are usually best. Movement shouldn’t be distracting, it should be a series of smaller motions that add up to create life. Think leaves rustling in a breeze it feels like too much, and then back off. That being said, don’t be afraid to explore the outer limits of effects and make extreme changes if you’re going for some type of new or unique advanced sound design. But I’d advise this as the exception to the rule.

2. Use your Hands

The easiest way to get a human feel in your tracks is to modify parameters in real time using your hands. It’s both more effective and more fun than clicking on a screen (unless you need precise, perfectly timed automation as an effect). If you have a MIDI controller, modern DAWS make it quite easy to map the knobs and faders to parameters in your session. This approach is the winning automation strategy for many reasons: you’ll discover new ideas, be able to automate multiple parameters at once and get physically involved with the changes in your song.

3. Use Curves

Real life isn’t linear. Neither is convincing automation. By using automation curves, you have more fine tuning over the speed and feel of your changes. To create an automation curve in Ableton, hold Alt while dragging the automation line. In Logic, hold Shift + Control to achieve the same result.

4. Copy & Paste

Use technology to your advantage! When editing automation lanes in Ableton, good old-fashioned Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V will allow you to duplicate the movement you’ve created. In Logic, Option + Dragging the automation will do the same.

5. Snap Automation

For those times you want slightly less organic movement, you’re able to snap automation points to the grid to get exactly the changes you need, synced in-time with your tune. Using snap automation along with the copy and paste functions will allow you to create rhythmic gate and stutter effects quickly and easily.

Creating a song that feels alive and full of movement comes down to details. Velocity edits, filter movement, stereo width, riding the faders (figuratively speaking – it’s worth repeating that you should be using a gain plugin for volume automation)... These subtle changes add up to create a mix that’s energetic and dynamic in the right ways. There’s a concept every producer learns after some time; it’s better to make several small moves than one overblown gesture.

Automation in music is simply too important to overlook. You know how important writing a chord progression is for your composition? It’s inseparable. You wouldn’t have a song without it. That’s how important automation is to the mixing and production stage. You wouldn’t have a mix without it. You would have something, but it would be a long ways away from what it could be.

The automation stage of production is also one of the most fun. It’s where you can experiment, get hands on, and bring your track to life. So I’m asking you this: for your next production, schedule 45 minutes to focus on automation. You’ll have more fun, and I think you’ll be surprised at just how much your song comes together in that session. Any favorite automation tips of your own? Sound off in the comments! We’d love to hear.